1. General Guidelines

1. The Taekwondo Journal of Kukkiwon (henceforth referred to as the journal) shall publish articles on Taekwondo Science with originality and effectiveness. 1) Regular Papers: Articles containing findings or facts that have values on their own through original research. 2) Reviews : This journal shall publish reviews on all fields related to Taekwondo Science. Preferences will be given to reviews on the latest trends in a certain field based on thorough research or reviews that take a critical approach to conventional knowledge. 3) Articles that do not fall under either 1) or 2) but were still accepted by the Editorial Committee.

2. Articles published in this journal shall be papers that have not yet been published in other academic journals.

3. Any article submitted for publication in this journal may not be submitted to any other periodicals until the Editorial Committee decides on the acceptance of the article.

4. The copyright for any article published in this journal shall be jointly owned by the author and Kukkiwon. There shall be no restrictions on the use of the article by the author, and Kukkiwon may use the article without the consent of the author, provided that such use is for the project of Kukkiwon.

2. Manuscript Guidelines

1. Articles should be written in accordance with the following format: 1) Each article should consist of the title page, Korean abstract, Korean key words, main body, references, English abstract, and English key words, in that exact order. 2) The authors of the article should be indicated as follows:
- Principal Author : Indicated first, before all other authors
- Participating Authors : All authors with the exception of the principal author
- Corresponding Authors: All authors that are indicated with an asterisk (*) symbol and have E-mail addresses provided at the bottom of the page
<Example>
 - Sole Researcher: Hong, Gil-dong* (Taekwondo University)
 - Joint Researchers: Hong, Gil-dong·Kim, Cheol-su* (Taekwondo University)· Lee, Sun-shin (Hankuk University) 3) Subtitles of the article should be indicated with sequential serial numbering.
Ⅰ.→ 1. → 1) → (1) → ① … 4) Theoretical background (or related research) should be briefly analyzed and summarized and included in the introductory section. 5) “Results” may be referred to as “results (analysis) and discussion”, and “conclusion” may be referred to as “conclusion and suggestions.” Provided that, in cases of literature review articles, such articles should follow with the “introduction” and “conclusion and suggestions” format; however, the author(s) may select the structure of the remaining sections to suit the topic of the article and its methodological characteristics

Each manuscript should be written in Korean or English in the horizontal format.

3. Each manuscript should be edited on the single-column layout using A4 paper size, and the number of pages should be around 15 and may not exceed 20 based on the editorial criteria used by this journal.

4. Articles shall be submitted through the ‘Article Submission’ in the ‘Taekwondo Research Institute of Kukkiwon website (http://research.kukkiwon.or.kr)’, and the date of submission should be the date when the manuscript is properly received along with the ‘Copyright Transfer Certificate’ and ‘Affirmation of Research Ethics.’

5. Each manuscript must be attached with a Korean abstract and an English abstract. The length of both abstracts together – including the purpose of research, method, results, and conclusion – should be made up of one paragraph so as not to exceed one page, in accordance with the editorial criteria used by this journal.

6. Use of loanwords should be avoided as much as possible. When using words from languages other than Korean, the meaning of the words should be indicated next to the words in Korean within parentheses.

7. Each manuscript must be prepared using Hancom Office 2010 or MS Word 2010 (or any later versions of either).

8. Principles for preparation of each form should be based on the Publication Manual of American Psychological Association, 6th ed. (2010), and detailed preparation standards are as follows.

3. Figures and Tables

1. Figures should be attached in clearly recognizable forms so that they may be used directly as printing manuscript. When attaching photographs, black and white originals should be used, barring special circumstances.

2. Titles and content of tables and figures should be written in Korean, barring special circumstances. When including technical terms in languages other than Korean in titles and content of tables and figures, their meanings should be provided in Korean next to the relevant terms.

3. Numbers of tables and figures, when referred to within the main body, should be indicated using parentheses (e.g., <Table 1> or <Figure 1>). In the tables and figures themselves, the numbers should be indicated without parentheses (e.g., Table 1. or Figure 1.).

4. All tables should be prepared using only horizontal lines, except for cases in which there is a need to convey special meanings; in these cases, vertical lines may be used.

5. The title of a table should be provided at the top center of the table. The title of a figure should be provided at the bottom center of the figure.

6. If a table or figure contains material cited from other sources, the reference form shall be provided at the bottom of the figure or table.

7. Units used in tables and figures should be indicated in their original languages.

4. Mathematical and Statistical Symbols

1. As it is customary to keep the raw data used for an article for three years after publication, the raw data used for articles submitted to Kukkiwon must be kept for three years

2. Generally used mathematical and statistical formulas should not be explained within the content of the article.

3. Mathematical and statistical formulas that are newly introduced or need to be explained for other reasons should be explained within the article.

4. When providing statistical inferences in an article, the degree of freedom, statistical values, and level of significance shall be provided along with the statistical symbol. In this instance, 0 shall not be written in front of the decimal point of the level of significance. <Example> p=.001

5. The number of subjects should be indicated using “N” (uppercase), and the number of samples should be indicated using “n” (lowercase).

5. Fonts and Numbers

1. Letters used as statistical symbols or mathematical variables should be italicized. <Example> F test, Z score, t-test, F(1.53)=10.03

2. Chemistry terms, trigonometric terms, Greek letters, and letters used for abbreviations should not be italicized.

3. In general, numbers within the main body exceeding 10 should be written in Arabic figures, and those not exceeding 10 should be written in Korean letters. For numbers exceeding 1,000, a comma should be indicated at every third digit.

4. Romanized Korean words should be italicized.
<Example>
 - 차기: Chagi
 - 사단칠정론: Sa－Dan Chil－Jeong Ron

6. Literature Citations

1. Materials cited from books or published studies of other authors, materials derived from examined items, or verbal knowledge on subjects should be provided in their original forms.

2. Short citations should be included in the main body (40 words or less), marked by direct quotation marks (“ ”). Citations exceeding 40 words should be provided separate from the main body, in which case quotation marks should not be used. When providing citations separate from the main body, such citations should be provided as a separate paragraph with a five-letter indentation on the left and right sides.

3. When citing another literature in the main body, if the author of the literature is Korean, the full name of its author should be provided in parentheses along with the year of publication. If the author is not Korean, only the family name should be provided in parentheses along with the year of publication. The full citation should be provided in the Reference section. 1) When citing material written by one or two authors, all of the authors’ names (full name for Korean authors, family name for English authors) and year of publication should be indicated at each citation contained in the main body.
<Example>
 - Korean: 홍길동과 이순신(2015)은 …
 - Korean: 나타났다(홍길동, 이순신, 2015).
 - English; Affonso and Lee (2017) …
 - English: Appeared (Affonso & Lee, 2017) 2) When citing material written by 3 to 5 authors, the full name of all Korean authors should be indicated, and only the family name of all non-Korean authors should be indicated. When citing the same literature repeatedly, the full name of the first author should be provided followed by “등” (et al.) and the year of publication. For non-Koreans, the family name of the first author should be provided followed by “등” (et al.) and the year of publication.
<Example>
 - Korean First Citation: 홍길동, 홍춘희 및 김길수(2017)는 …
 - Korean Repeated Citation: 홍길동 등(2015)은 …
 - English First Citation: Williams, Johns, Smith and Lee (2015)
 - English Repeated Citation: Williams et al. (2016) 3) When citing material written by six or more authors, the full name of the first Korean author should be provided followed by “등” (et al.) and the year of publication. For non-Koreans, the family name shall be provided followed by “등” (et al.) and the year of publication. In the References section, the full name of each author should be provided.
<Example>
 - Korean First and Repeated Citations: 홍길동 등(2017)은 …
 - English First and Repeated Citations: Author et al. (2016) … 4) For non-Korean authors, if the authors with the same family name who published their articles in the same year have been cited, the initial of their first names should be provided along with their family name to avoid confusion.
<Example>
 - Spinal load (Young, K. A., 2015; Young, M. Y., 2015) 5) When citing multiple articles by a single author, the year of publication of each article should be separated by commas (,) and provided in chronological order, and the name of the author should not be repeated for each article.
<Example>
 - Korean: 나타났다(홍길동, 2017, 2018).
 - English: Appeared (Prince, 2014, 2017). 6) Two or more articles written by a single author in the same year should be distinguished by adding a, b, or c in front of the year of publication, and the name of the author should not be repeated for each article.
<Example>
 - Korean: 나타났다(홍길동, 2017a, 2017b).
 - English: Appeared (Prince, 2015a, 2015b). 7) When citing the same content from a different author, being with Korean authors and arrange them according to the Korean alphabet, and then non-Korean authors in alphabetical order inside parentheses, with semicolons (;) dividing them.
<Example>
 - … researches on ___________ (Kim Seong-tae, 2016; Nam-hae-gu, 2015; Choi Gyeong-su, 2017; Brown & Smith, 2015; Lee, 2014; Williams, 2017) … 8) When the author is a group or an organization, the full group name should be written for the first citation, then be abbreviated for each subsequent use. However, if the group’s name is short or if the abbreviation is difficult to understand, the full name should be used in every citation.
<Example>
 - First Citation: World Taewkondo Academy (WTA, 2015)
 - Repeated Citation: WTA (2015)
 - First Citation in Parentheses: (World Taewkondo Academy [WTA], 2015)
 - Repeated Citation in Parentheses: (WTA, 2015)

References

The References section should be prepared based on the Publication Manual of American Psychological Association, 6th ed. (2010). References for literature written in Asian languages should be first provided in the Korean alphabetical order, followed by references for literature written in Western languages provided in alphabetical order. Specific guidelines are as follows.

1. Citation of Periodicals 1) Academic Journals
- Author (year of publication). Article title. Title of academic journal, volume number (edition number), page number.
(1) Author, Year of Publication: For Korean, the full name of the author should be written, and the year of publication should be written next to the name inside parentheses. For English, only the author’s family name should be written fully, and only their initials should be used for the rest of their name. When doing so, a comma (.) should be added behind their family name, and if there are two or more authors, a comma (,) and ampersand (&) should be placed before the last author’s name, and the year of publication should be placed within parentheses one spacing away from the author’s name.
<Example>
 - Hong, G. D., Hong, G. S., & Hong, G. N. (2014).
 - Muller, W. A., & Rist, M. A. (2015).
(2) Title of Article: For English, only the first letters of the title and subtitle {the title following the colon(:)} should be capitalized, and everything else should be left in lower case.
(3) Name of Academic Journal: Korean titles shall be written in bold letters, and English titles should be italicized.
(4) Publishing Information: The volume, edition, and page numbers of the academic journal should be written in numbers in the case of both Korean and English, and the volume number should be bolded in Korean and italicized in English.
<Example>
 - Hong, G. D. (2017). The meaning of Kukkiwon in Taekwondo history. Taekwondo Journal of Kukkiwon, 1(1), 112-130.
 - McPherson, B. D. (1984). Biomechanical analysis of the lower limb in running. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 1, 34-42. 2) Newspaper Articles
- Author (year, month, and date of publication). Title. Name of newspaper company, page number.
- Articles without Authors: Title (year, month, and date of publication). Name of newspaper company, page number.
<Example>
 - Hong, G. D. (2015, June 25). Investigation of muscle trauma in athletes. Chosun Ilbo, p. 15.
 - Development trends of Taekwondo (2017, August 25). JoongAng Ilbo, p. 15.
 - New ski technique reduced the risk of knee injury for alpine skiers (1933, July 13). The Washington Post, p. 21.

2. Indication of Reference from a Separate Volume 1) Citation for Published Books
- Author or editor (year of publication). Book title. Publishing city: Publisher.
- Author, Title: In case of edited publications, (편) or (Ed.) or (Eds.) should be added behind the authors’name(s).
- Year of Publication: The year of publication of the book shall be indicated.
- Book Title: Korean titles shall be written in bold letters, and English titles should be italicized with only nouns and pronouns written in uppercase. In case of books with multiple editions, the relevant edition number should be indicated next to the book title.
- Publishing City: The publishing city and the publisher should be separated by a colon (:).
<Example>
 - 국기원(2005). 태권도 교본. 서울: 오성출판사.
 - Kukkiwon (2005). Taekwondo Textbook. Seoul: Osung Publishing House.
 - Winter, D. A. (1990). Biomechanics and Motor control of Human Movement. 2nd edition. Wiley－ Interscience Publication, New york: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2) Citation for Research or Commissioned Project Report
- Author (year of publication). Report title (publication identification number). Publishing city: Publishing group.
- The Korean title of the report should be written in bold letters, and English titles should be italicized, with only nouns and pronouns being capitalized.
<Example>
 - Lee, S. S. (2011). A Study on Taekwondo Terms. Seoul: Taekwondo Research Institute of Kukkiwon. 3) Citation for Master’s (Doctoral) Thesis and Dissertations
- Author (year of conferment). Title of thesis or dissertation. Unpublished Master’s (doctoral) thesis or dissertation, granting institution.
- The Korean title of the dissertation (or thesis) should be written in bold letters, and English titles should be italicized,
with only nouns and pronouns being capitalized.
<Example>
 - Hong, G. D. (2017). Analysis of the academic directions of Taekwondo. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Taekwondo University Graduate School.
 - Author, A. A. (2016). Sedimentar history of the Pandora wreck and surrounds. Unpublished Masters dissertation, James Cook University. 4) Citation of Proceedings from Seminars, Academic Conferences, and Symposiums
- Author (year of opening). Title of presentation. Subject of event, host organization.
- The Korean title of the presentation should be written in bold letters, and English titles should be italicized, with only nouns and pronouns being capitalized.
<Example>
 - Hong, G. D. (2017). Policy directions for Taekwondo exchange between South and North Korea. Taekwondo Research Institute of Kukkiwon Academic Seminar, Taekwondo as the stepping-stone between South and North Korea (p. 1-33). Seoul: Taekwondo Research Institute of Kukkiwon.
(1) Published Symposium Proceedings
<Example>
 - Aziz, Y. I., & Karara, H. M. (2015). Direct linear transformation from comparator coordinates in object －space coordinates in close range photogrammetry. Proceedings of the ASP Symposium of Close－Range Photogrammetry. Urbana: University of Illinois.
(2) Poster Session
<Example>
 - Lim, Y., & Chow, J. (2016, June). Lumbar spinal loads: Application to tennis serve. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the mid－west biomechanics symposium, Chicago. 5) Citation for Translated Documents
- Translated by the translator (year of translation). Title of translated document. Original author (year of publication)’s Original title. Published city: Publisher.
- The Korean title of translated documents should be written in bold letters, and English titles should be italicized, with only nouns and pronouns being capitalized.
<Example>
 - Translated by Jeong, O. B. (1991) 인간발달의 이론. Neil J. Salkind’s (1985) Theories of Human Development. Seoul; Kyoyookbook.
 - Translated by Song, C. Y. (2016). On the origin of species. Charles Darwin’s On the origin of species by means of natural selection or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life (1859). Seoul: Dongsuh Book.

3. Citation of Electronic Journals or Websites 1) Citation for Published Books
- Author (year, month, and date of writing). Title (topic). Source, date of search, web address
<Example>
 - Hong, G. D. (January 1, 2015) Implications of the development of Taekwondo training programs. Kukki Taekwondo Ilbo. Retrieved May 8, 2018, from http://www.kkwtkdnews.com
 - Richard, A. L. (May 5, 2008). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize well－being and martial arts. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from http://martialarts.org/volume4/pre31a.html
 - Martial Arts Community(Oct 5, 2000). Task Force on Teen and Adolescent Issues. (n.d.) martial arts training? Retrieved October 5, 2000, from http://www.martialartscom.net